Vitiligo / white patch disease
Vitiligo also referred to as white patch disease is a pigmentary disorder of the skin. In Vitiligo there are patches where skin looses the ability to form color. The melanocytes are the color producing cells of the skin and they are destroyed leading to loss of color in parts of skin. Vitiligo may occur in childhood or adulthood. It may occur suddenly or may be gradual in onset. Vitiligo may affect a localized area with one or two patches which may resolve spontaneously or maybe segmental or may be progressive affecting larger areas when it is called Vitiligo vulgaris.
Vitiligo is not infectious nor it is contagious. Hence one cannot get Vitiligo by coming in contact with a Vitiligo patient. Hence the social stigma of Vitiligo is due to lack of knowledge and understanding of the disorder.
It needs to be differentiated from other white patch producing disorders or diseases like leukoderma ( which may be due to contact allergy or trauma), Nevi which are present from birth, P. Alba , post inflammatory hypopigmentation and many others. This differentiation is done by a qualified Dermatologist.
There are multiple treatments available depending on the extent of Vitiligo. These include oral medications, applications, UV light therapies and surgeries. Surgical treatments have good success in stable vitiligo in which the disorder has not changed for 1 to 2 years.
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